Significance of non-tsetse transmitted animal trypanosomiasis/surra and their management

Non tsetse transmitted trypanosomiasis is significantly impacted livestock health, productivity, and livelihood thus should be given equal emphasis. Stomoxys species complex, similar to tsetse flies, feed on diverse wild and domestic animals, harbour various pathogens including trypanosome and efficiently transmit trypanosomes to healthy mouse within 60 seconds of contact with infected mouse model. Abortion, calf mortality, production loss is significant impact of trypanosomes.